IISc’s Novel Ultrasound Method for Oral Cancer Treatment

Researchers from the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, in collaboration with M.S. Ramaiah Medical College, have developed a promising ultrasound-based approach for treating oral cancer. 

What is Oral cancer? - Oral cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the tissues of the mouth or the back of the throat. It may occur on the tongue, gums, inner lining of the mouth, floor of the mouth, base of the tongue, lips or the throat behind the mouth. It commonly begins when abnormal cells in these areas grow uncontrollably.

Need for the Study

• India accounts for nearly one-fourth of global oral cancer cases, largely due to tobacco consumption.
• Oral cancer often has a poor prognosis because many patients seek treatment only at an advanced stage.
• India’s five-year survival rate for oral cancer is around 50%, compared with nearly 68% in developed countries.

How the Method Works

• Researchers created a 3D co-culture platform that closely reproduces the tumour environment.
• Cancer cells form a barrier around solid tumours, preventing medicines and immune cells from reaching the centre.
• LFU produces mechanical forces that break down these cancer cells.
• The protein Tropomyosin 2.1, which protects normal cells from mechanical stress, is present at much lower levels in cancer cells, making them more vulnerable to ultrasound.

Difference from Conventional Ultrasound

• Conventional low-frequency ultrasound is mainly used for medical imaging and diagnosis.
• High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound destroys tumours through heat but may cause side effects.
• The new LFU approach relies on mechanical stimulation rather than thermal destruction, potentially making it safer and more targeted.

Potential Applications

• It may be useful for treating superficial and easily accessible cancers such as: Oral cancer, Breast cancer and Melanoma
• It could complement existing treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiation.
• IISc has filed a patent for the ultrasound technology.

Challenges

• Further clinical trials are needed to confirm its safety and effectiveness in humans.
• Pressure generated by ultrasound may affect surrounding tissues.
• Its application may be limited in cancers located deep inside the body.
• Appropriate dosage, frequency and treatment duration must be standardised.

Significance

• The technique offers a non-invasive, targeted and potentially low-cost treatment option.
• It may reduce damage to healthy tissues and improve oral cancer outcomes.
• However, early detection through regular oral screening remains essential for improving survival rates.